Boat bmk technical characteristics. Engineering equipment of the Soviet army

(sixties-eighties)

Tugboat BMK-T

By towing -powerboat BMK-T is designed for towing individual links, sections of the pontoon bridge when it is guided, towing the bridge tape when it turns, moves; for the delivery of anchors; for towing ferries assembled from a set of pontoon-bridge park; for reconnaissance of the river. Can also be used for crossing personnel infantry (landing), towing non-self-propelled floating craft, patrolling water obstacles and solving other problems on water obstacles.
For the first time began to be used in the set of the PMP park. In most of the PMP kits in the seventies, there were only 2 BMK-T boats, the remaining 10 were BMK-150, BMK-130 boats. Later, the number of BMK-T boats in the PMP fleet increased.

Towing can be done by pulling or pushing. By land, the boat is transported loaded on a specially equipped vehicle Kraz-255V (Later, the Kraz-260 began to be used). The launch of the boat into the water is carried out by dropping, like dropping a pontoon. Loading the boat onto the vehicle is carried out using the vehicle's winch in 3-5 minutes. The launch of the boat into the water can be carried out with a crew on board (2 persons) and a running boat engine.
The engine cooling system is a closed liquid with refrigerant cooling through a refrigerator, washed by sea water.

The main tactical specifications BMK-T

Machine type ................................................ .................................................. ...............	tugboat
Curb weight................................................ .................................................. ...	6 t.
Crew................................................. .................................................. .......................	2 persons
Pull on mooring lines ............................................... .................................................. ......	2040 kg. (20 Book.)
Maximum speed ................................................ .................................................. ...	12 km / h
Dimensions:
length...............................	8.6m.
width.............................	2.7m.
height (without mast) ...........	2.2 m
Maximum draft ................................................ .................................................	0.75m.
Cruising range for fuel .............................................. ................................................	15 hours
Engine................................................. .................................................. .................	diesel V-shaped YaMZ-236 SP-4
Engine power................................................ ..................................................	132.3 kW (179.88 HP)
Time of unloading and preparation for work ............................................ ........................	3-5 minutes
Buoyancy reserve ................................................ .................................................. ......	40%

The hull of the boat is of semi-catamaran type. Troopers up to 25 people. infantry with full armament (the number of personnel is limited not by the carrying capacity of the boat, but by the possibility of placing HP on the deck). The pushing speed of a 60-ton ferry with a cargo is 9 km. in hour. The time of one voyage of a 60-ton ferry across the obstacle 200-500 m. 12-15 minutes.

The boat is equipped with a powerful bilge pump (800 liters per minute), which is used not only to pump water out of the hull in case of holes, but also to wash the pontoons from dirt, extinguish burning equipment or objects located near the reservoir.

The boat does not have small arms or artillery weapons, armor, communications equipment.

Sources of

1. Manual on military engineering for the Soviet Army. Military publishing house. Moscow. 1984
2. Military engineering training. Tutorial... Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Moscow. 1982
3. Machines of engineering weapons. Part 2. Machines for overcoming obstacles and water obstacles. Military publishing house. Moscow, 1986

I was familiar with these, at first glance, unprepossessing and inconspicuous boats since childhood, and that there are such boats with wheels, I often had to argue with my coastal peers who were far from naval life. And even when I brought the disputant to the shore and pointed to the wheels, which half protruded out of the water from two sides, then in this case they tried to convince me that these were just fenders serving to cushion the impact when mooring.

We loved these boats for being on full speed they raised such a shaft that everyone who knew how to swim jumped into the water to swing on the waves.

We, the naval guys, really liked to dive from such a boat. Its stern was elongated and covered with flat shields, under which were installed powerful engine, as well as a compartment for passengers or paratroopers. There was no rail fence and it was a pleasure to dive with a running start. And after taking a swim, we stretched out on the hot deck and sunbathed until the soldiers who returned from the shore appeared.

Noticing the approach of the owners of the boat, we jumped overboard on command and spread out in different directions. Those who tried to escape along the shore, the soldiers caught, took out a bucket and forced to wash off the sand that we dragged during the dives, since not everyone could climb aboard from the water and most divers got out to the sandy shore in order to climb again board.

Of course, of course, no one tried to escape and even washed the deck with pleasure, all this was with laughter and soldiers' jokes, and we, swam up to the boat, teased the prisoners and called them - salami.

First of all, this boat was intended for use as a tug when laying floating bridges from pontoon-bridge fleets, as well as for towing transport ferries collected from these fleets.

In the second- as for the crossing of reconnaissance groups of various types of troops, as well as for the landing of infantry.

During haymaking, these boats were allocated to the subsidiary farm, as patronage help, for the removal of hay from the islands, of which there are more than a dozen in the Yakutsk region.

Engine power is about 100-120 HP. Depends on power plant... There are modifications of the boat with two gasoline engines, and there is also one diesel. Batteries are installed at the bulkhead on both sides. The capacity of the fuel tanks is 300 liters.

For towing on land, the boat is equipped with its own retractable wheel chassis and hitch! It was possible to tow the boat along the highway at a speed of up to 60 km / h, and off-road - 20-25 km / h. On the water speed freewheel boats - 21.5 km / h.

The launch of the boat into the water is made by pushing it into the water. The car drives into the water until the boat floats up. After that, the mechanic in the boat pulls out the chassis wedges and lifts the wheels to a horizontal position along the sides using hand winches.

The boat is pulled out of the water in reverse order- the boat approaches the shore as close as possible, the mechanic releases the chassis, which, under their own weight, sink to the bottom.

As a convenience, a removable tarpaulin deckhouse, included in the boat's kit, can be installed to protect the minders from bad weather.

MAIN TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS BMK-150

Machine type - towing motor boat;

Vehicle weight (without crew and property) - 30 tons;

Overall dimensions (in working position):

length - 8.2 m;

width (on wheels) - 27 m;

height (in towed position) - 2.75 m;

height (from the keel to the top of the glazing) - 2.0 m;

Maximum draft - 0.65 m;

Mooring thrust - 1500 kg;

Maximum speed on water (empty) - 22 km / h;

Working speed - 9 km / h;

Maximum towing speed on land - 40 km / h;

The average diameter of the circulation is around its axis when the screws are in motion;

Launching time until ready to move - 2.5 -4.0 min;

Time to rise from the water - 10 minutes;

The power reserve for fuel is 5.5 hours;

Fuel supply (gasoline A-66) - 240 liters;

Crew - 2 people;

Engines - 2 petrol М-51 SPE-3.5;

Power of each engine - 45.6 kW (62 hp);

The BMK-225 tugboat is designed and manufactured at Vympel Shipyard OJSC, intended for motorization of pontoon fleets PMP, PMP-M, PPS-84, PP-91 and for other tasks related to equipment and maintenance of ferries.

The BMK-225 tugboat is designed (as a backup) for towing ferries, keeping the tape in the bridge alignment in cases where there are not enough motor links or some of them are out of order, the organization of horse and downstream river outposts, the fight against floating mines , saboteurs, floating objects that pose a danger to the bridge, conducting reconnaissance of a water barrier, organizing an emergency rescue service.

Katkr BMK-225 was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the River Register of Russia, which implies its use in the national economy.
BMK-225 is a semi-catamaran type boat. The hull of the boat consists of three sealed compartments. In the middle compartment is installed diesel engine SMD-601 with a capacity of 225 liters. with. V engine compartment a powerful drainage pump was also installed, with the help of which it is possible not only to pump out water from the hold of the boat, but also from the river links.

The BMK-225 boat is powered by the SMD-601 engine - a six-cylinder V-shaped four-stroke turbocharged engine, converted into a marine one. It is also possible to install a YaMZ-236M2 diesel engine.
Water-propeller - two propellers with nozzles in full-turn columns, which can be rotated horizontally by 360 degrees. in both directions, and independently of each other. Thus, absolute maneuverability of the boat on the water is achieved. It can turn on the spot almost around its own axis, brake sharply and quickly reverse.

On land, the boat is transported (like the river links of the PP-91 ferry) on KrAZ-260 or Ural-53236 vehicles, which have a platform and equipment for river links. Launching and ascent to the car is carried out in the same way as the descent and ascent of river and coastal links.

Technical characteristics of the tugboat BMK-225:
Length, m: 9.06;
Width, m: 2.76;
Draft at full displacement, m: 0.65;
Draft at light displacement, m: 0.59;
Weight of the boat with fully fueled systems and inventory, kg: 7450;
Power plant: diesel SMD-601;
Rated power, kW (hp): 166 (225);
Diesel engine control: remote, mechanical, from the wheelhouse;
Average hourly fuel consumption, kg: 35.86;
Average hourly oil consumption, kg: 0.108;
Navigation equipment: compass KM-100-M3;
Hook thrust, kgf: maximum on mooring lines - 2000, when towing a wagon at a speed of 10 km / h at rated power - 1290;
Forward freewheel speed at full displacement, km / h: 17;
Maximum speed on water, km / h: up to 20;
Circulation diameter, m: no more than 18;
Time continuous work boats on the water without refueling, h: 10;
Calculation of the boat, people: 2 minder (according to the staff of pontoon units - 1 minder)

In 2015, the Moscow Region enterprise KAMPO JSC began to carry out R&D work on the creation of a tugboat BMK-MT, intended for the motorization of the pontoon parks of the engineering troops of the Armed Forces Russian Federation... The work is carried out in accordance with the tactical and technical requirements of the engineering troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and in cooperation with specialists from the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops" of the Ministry of Defense of Russia. This year, a prototype of a new tugboat BMK-MT of project 02630 was built. The advisor tells about it in more detail general director JSC "KAMPO" for shipbuilding Emin GADZHIEV.

Emin Tofikovich, what caused the need to develop a new BMK? Indeed, today the pontoon parks of the engineering troops are well equipped with towing motor boats - these are the well-known BMK-460, BMK-225, BMK-T and BMK-130.

The creation of a tugboat of a new project is associated with the need to replace morally and physically obsolete boats previous generations, as well as with the need for more effective means motorization of pontoon parks.

The newest boats currently in operation, the BMK-225, were developed in the early 1990s, that is, more than 20 years ago. These boats, in turn, replaced boats of the BMK-130, BMK-150 and BMK-T types, designed in 1950-1970. All of these types of BMKs are still used as part of the means of motorization of combined-arms pontoon fleets. In the mid-1980s, BMK-460 boats began to enter the troops, designed to service pontoon parks for special purposes.

Cabin of the tugboat BMK-MT project 02630.

Our new boat is conceived as a means of providing motorization of all types of pontoon fleets in service with the engineering troops: both combined arms - PMP, PMP-M, PP-91, PP-2005, and special - PPS-84. According to their tactical and technical characteristics it is capable of replacing any of the BMK of previous generations.

The task of creating a new boat has become especially relevant in connection with the ongoing updating of the equipment of the engineering troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in particular - equipping units and subunits modern means overcoming water obstacles.

What are the features of the new tugboat? What makes it different from its counterparts? What are the advantages of BMK-MT project 02630?

A new boat built with rich experience in mind operation of BMK in the troops and modern trends in the development of such equipment. Its design combines the most successful and time-tested solutions implemented on boats of previous generations (hull lines - a sled type with side floats, a propulsion and steering complex consisting of two fixed pitch propellers in nozzles), using the most modern technical means, components and materials.

When creating BMK-MT, the main attention was paid to achieving the specified traction and driving performance with a simultaneous qualitative increase in the level of its operational reliability and ergonomics.

The design of the BMK-MT hull is made in accordance with the requirements of the rules of the Russian River Register and is distinguished by high overall strength, shock resistance characteristic of the specifics of the BMK application, as well as the strength of all external waterproof closures (removable sheets, hatches, etc.). This ensures the advantages of our boat in terms of reliability, such as durability and reliability. This also ensures the safety of using the boat in the operating conditions specified by the customer.

The mechanical installation with two diesel-geared units (by the way, produced by our enterprise) contributes to the good survivability of the boat in real conditions of a combat situation. For ease of maintenance of mechanisms and systems mechanical installation(as well as any other equipment installed on the boat) BMK-MT has gone far ahead in comparison with any other known BMK. Thanks to this, as well as the painstaking selection of the main equipment, our boat is distinguished by excellent maintainability.

Particularly noteworthy is the successful ergonomics of the BMK-MT. The boat has a spacious cockpit with a convenient entrance through the ship's door. Ventilation and heating systems, sound and thermal insulation in the wheelhouse create comfortable living conditions. All-round visibility is provided from the minder's workplace, equipped with a comfortable navigator's seat. The glass of the deckhouse is made to be heated to prevent fogging. The convenience of the location of everything that should be placed in the wheelhouse (including personal weapons, provisions and water supplies, etc.) is thought out to the smallest detail.

I want to note that for BMK, ergonomics is not only comfort in the generally accepted sense of the word, but a means of ensuring the efficiency of crew actions, including extreme conditions combat situation.

At what stage is the project now? What procedures are required to get the boat in service?

The construction of a prototype boat was completed in April 2016, and soon BMK-MT successfully passed preliminary tests, during which it fully confirmed the characteristics assigned by TTZ.

In June of this year, comparative tests of three prototypes of promising BMKs took place on the Oka River near the city of Murom, Vladimir Region. In addition to our boat, the participants in the tests were BMK, built by two more enterprises. According to the results of comparative tests, BMK-MT manufactured by KAMPO JSC was recognized as a boat in which the entire complex of customer requirements is implemented in the best possible way.

State tests are ahead of the boat. The possibility of the earliest acceptance of BMK-MT for supply depends on their results.

Towing a ferry with a tank by boat.

What was evaluated in the process of comparative tests of boats?

A variety of indicators of the boat were evaluated, affecting the efficiency of its use when solving problems as intended. Among these indicators are driving and maneuverability, traction characteristics, a set of ergonomic parameters, work special equipment and much more.

During the tests, the unloading of the boat from the pontoon car into the water and its loading onto the car was checked, the execution of various actions by the boat on the water, both in single mode and when towing a ferry boat ( different ways and with different loads, including the T-80U tank). The tests were carried out during the day and at night.

BMK-MT demonstrated excellent speed, traction and maneuverability, the ability to work with all types of pontoon fleets of engineering troops, as well as simplicity and ease of use.

In general, the tests have demonstrated the correctness of the choice of the main constructive solutions by the general layout, the shape of the body and the type of mechanical installation. At the same time, ways were identified for further improving the design of the boat.

As far as is known, not only tugboats, but also sea search and rescue vessels are being built at the KAMPO shipbuilding plant. What new items are offered by the Navy?

The enterprise is building multifunctional modular search and rescue boats (PSO) for the Navy. Last year, we completed the implementation of the state contract for the supply of twelve such boats to the fleet under the project 23370 with a displacement of 120 tons. t, which are the development of project 23370.

In addition, KAMPO JSC has mastered the construction of floating structures based on modular pontoon systems own development... During 2014 and 2015, our enterprise supplied five modular floating berths (about 48 m long) and the same number of modular floating work platforms for the Navy.

Both project 23370 multifunctional modular boats and modular floating berths and work platforms are equipped with a set of specialized equipment as part of removable functional container modules for various purposes installed on the deck of floating craft using standard fasteners. Our container modules are made in the dimensions of standard 10- and 20-foot sea containers.